Project Delivery System Yagan Square Perth - Click to Get Solution

Question: Examine about the Project Delivery System for Yagan Square Perth. Answer: Prologue to the Yagan Square Project Yagan Square is arranged in Perths CBD, which is a changing city in the Western Australia. It is the significant piece of the Perth City Link venture, intended to be an essential network, meeting and festivity place just as a significant vacationer goal. The vision of the Perth City Link is to change the city into a world - class travel center point by giving an immediate access to the new Perth Underground Bus Port and the Perth Train Station (Yagan Square | Perth City Link, 2016). The venture intends to create Yagan Square as one of the busiest person on foot areas in the Perth city. Besides, Yagan Square will include food markets and a very much outfitted network where individuals can meet, find and praise the way of life, legacy and condition of Western Australia. To be increasingly exact, the square is named after the indigenous Australian warrior Yagan. The development of Yagan Square was started in February 2016 and is required to be opened in 2017 (Yagan Square | Perth City L ink, 2016). The spot will be more than one hectare in size, with the ability of orchestrating a scope of exercises and occasions for up to 8,500 individuals. Figure 1.1: Design and Construction of Yagan Square (Source: Yagan Square | Perth City Link, 2016) Undertaking Delivery Methods The essential reason for a task conveyance strategy is to design, structure, develop and offer other pertinent types of assistance for sorting out, executing and finishing a structure office. In an undertaking conveyance, the three fundamental gatherings related are the task proprietor, creator and the developer. All the more explicitly, choice of the proper venture conveyance technique is one of the essential choices for building up the obtaining procedure (Duggan Patel, 2013). The various kinds of venture conveyance techniques are examined as follows: Configuration Bid-Build (DBB) It is the conventional technique for conveying a task normally including three consecutive stages. These are the plan stage, the offer stage and the assemble or development stage. The structure stage worries with the architects administration for the venture (Lines, Sullivan Smithwick, 2014). A temporary worker is chosen for the offer stage. At long last, the chose contractual worker assembles the undertaking in the development stage. It most usually winds up in a fixed value contract (Kerzner, 2013). Development Management Multi-Prime (CM MP) This strategy is fairly like that of the plan offer form dependent on the three successive stages. Be that as it may, the proprietor straightforwardly contracts with the individual claim to fame contractual workers with multi prime (MP) for assigned parts of the general work, rather than a solitary general of prime temporary worker (Burnham Nagata, 2016). The essential attributes of this technique incorporate a direct plan with numerous agreements including modeler, temporary worker and subcontractors. Development Management at Risk (CMR) In this specific technique, the three direct plan stages are optimized with the three prime players or gatherings, for example, the proprietor, creator and CM constructor. The development director is contracted relying upon capability, experience, target development cost and charges for the board administrations for overseeing and building an undertaking (Cardenas, 2016). The significant points of interest in this task conveyance strategy are it can without much of a stretch hold control of plan and permits satisfactory adaptability to the undertaking cost. Configuration Build (DB) In this task conveyance strategy, the proprietor builds up an essential calculated arrangement and along these lines requests offers from joint endeavors of specialist, modelers and developers for the undertaking development and configuration (Keen et al., 2015). A coordinated procedure covers the plan and development stages, where the originator and contractual worker cooperate. SWOT Analysis of Yagan Square Project The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) investigation for the Yagan Square undertaking for Perth City Link has been shown in the table as detailed beneath: Qualities Shortcomings Propelled workforce incitement Sufficient information on subcontractors Utilization of current innovation and hardware in development Great associations with the material and hardware provider Income is unsurprising Ideal Contract Terms Effective and keen methodology embraced for place the executives The business can be scaled up The development of business area can encourage various future open doors for progress Business is contract based Introduction to budgetary market elements Value rise and conditions for crude materials for development and configuration reason Absence of Protection of the Investors Interests by the Supervisory Board Multifaceted nature in consistence with various structure strategy Different moral and legitimate contemplations Realities for vital arranging are moderately hard to assemble Multifaceted nature in characterizing jobs and duties Openings Dangers Openings for work will increment with the $73.5 million improvement close to the Horseshoe Bridge Give a prime gathering and occasion space The boundary between the CBD and Northbridge is dispensed with Food and refreshment market will conceivably develop Developing populace of Perth city Incorporated spot to visit Western Australias culture, legacy and condition The cost of the task is fundamentally high Headway in innovation advancement may change this market past its capacity to adjust Inconsistent progression of money at the beginning period of the task It will require some investment to alter the course of the market on the off chance that the market doesn't fill in true to form The undertaking can experience expected measure of overheads Constrained opportunity to arrive at venture conclusion stage as Yagan Square is set to open in 2017 Table 3.1: SWOT Analysis for Yagan Square, Perth City Link Project (Source: Created by the Author) Appropriate Method to Deliver the Project For this specific undertaking, the Design Build (DB) Method can be considered as the most fitting strategy for venture conveyance. It is essentially because of the limited ability to focus time designated for finishing the undertaking (Construction of Yagan square began in February 2016 and it is set to open in 2017). By receiving the Design Build strategy, it is conceivable to incorporate the structure and development stages. To be increasingly exact, the incorporated procedure encouraged by this particular task conveyance technique incorporates a covered plan and development, which is normally optimized (Kereri Gad, 2015). In this way, it is naturally speedier when contrasted with the other undertaking conveyance strategies, for example, multi prime and Design - Bid - Build (DBB). Aside from that, this specific task conveyance strategy includes just the prime players, for example, the proprietor and the plan - assemble substance. Accordingly, it guarantees a generously straightforward procedure for conveyance of the venture (Leach, 2014). Besides, it will include just one agreement, which is between the proprietor and the plan manufacturer with a solitary purpose of duty. Notwithstanding that, in this strategy, the plan manufacturer is liable for distinguishing any irregularity existing between the exhibition measures and the prescriptive prerequisites (Lu, 2010). Then again, the proprietor has the sole duty regarding the expense for compromise in the conflicting gauges. Use of the Method The Design Build strategy includes the accompanying advances: Key Facility Planning: The proprietor builds up the task needs, destinations, and innovation substance and execution models. Choice of Design-Builder: Design - manufacturers are chosen relying upon specific factors, for example, limit, notoriety, past proprietor experience, expenses and estimating strategies utilizing meeting and assessment forms (Yuan-zhi Bureau, 2014). Finish of First Part of Contract: Contract terms and language is ordinarily taken under exchanges for approving primer plan. From that point forward, the plan developer gets together with the task proprietor to characterize the venture alongside venture destinations, necessities, target financial plan and calendars (Burke, 2013). From that point forward, the plan - assemble Contract Award is followed. End The paper has altogether remembered a point by point conversation for the Perth City Link Project, the plan and development of Yagan Square. For accomplishing this reason, the paper researched the attributes and highlights of Yagan Square including its size and components. Moreover, the different undertaking conveyance techniques have been enough examined. From that point forward, the most appropriate technique to convey the specific venture is chosen and the strategy for application is examined. Aside from that, the analyst has likewise played out a point by point SWOT examination for the concerned development the board venture for Yagan Square. The individual components and segments of Yagan Square will be considered for building up the vital and strategic getting ready for the undertaking execution. It requires considerable measure of modern exertion so as to coordinate the food advertise, offices for open workmanship, corridor, childrens play area zone, local nurseries, computeri zed tower, court, shopping center just as an incorporated network where the individuals can assemble, meet and celebrate together the way of life, legacy and condition of Western Australia. It is one of the new ventures of Perth City Link and expected to plan one of the busiest person on foot spots in this city that will adequately connect the new underground bus stop and the train station. Exactly, the agreement is esteemed around $ 65 million. Roughly 25 food and drink administrators will be looked for the court and the development is required to finish by mid 2017. References Burke, R. (2013). Task the executives: arranging and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Burnham, R. E., Nagata, M. F. (2016). Exchange Project Delivery: Claims in Design-Build, Guaranteed Maximum Price, and Other Delivery Meth

Jekyll And Hyde The Musical Essay Example for Free

Jekyll And Hyde The Musical Essay The play was preformed in Bristol Hippodrome on the eleventh May. The melodic was about a specialist, Jekyll, who needs to see the opposite side of a people soul. He accepted that in each individual there is a darker side, something contrary to a people soul. He accepts he has method of seeing this other individual. He has an investigation that will empower him to do as such however individuals wont hear him out and thump back his thoughts. After his thought being dismissed he chooses what to do. He takes the elixir, and from it develops as his other twofold side, Hyde. Hyde is something contrary to Jekyll, and is a merciless killer. Jekyll and Hyde both think about one another and as Hyde gets some answers concerning Lucy he intends to take care of business. Jekyll cannot control Hyde as Hyde structures a solid piece of him. All through Hyde, executes individuals, one of which incorporates Lucy, a whore whom Jekyll had shaped a companionship with. At the completion as Jekyll is going to wed Lisa, he causes himself to get shot to end Hyde regularly returning. The principle character in the play played the two pieces of Jekyll and Hyde. While he was playing Jekyll, his appearance was shrewd and clean, though when he transformed into Hyde his appearance was unpleasant and evil looking. Jekylls character was thoughtful and he was a delicate man. Hyde was his opposite side, being Vulgar and fierce. Lisa was Jekylls fianc㠯⠿â ½e and was one of the main individuals whom tuned in to Jekyll. Toward the beginning they seemed to have a cozy relationship however as Jekyll transformed into Hyde they turned out to be increasingly far off, likewise this happened when Jekyll met Lucy. Lucy was a whore who despite the fact that appeared to be certain there was times when she gave her defenselessness and aching to leave from her life. At the point when she met Jekyll, he was extraordinary and treated her with deference not at all like the various men. She experiences passionate feelings for him, yet as Hyde gets some answers concerning her he at that point executes her. Different characters in the play treat Jekyll as though he is only a specialist who has frantic thoughts however not worth an opportunity to listen as well. Hyde in the interim causes individuals to hear him out, directly before he murders them. Jekylls relationship to different characters is removed separated from his fianc㠯⠿â ½e Lisa. Additionally when he meets Lucy, he is benevolent to her and they structure an association. Hyde doesnt care about anyone. In any case, when he gets some answers concerning Lucy, he makes himself associated with her. Toward the end Hyde visits Lucy and executes her. All through the play Jekyll continually changes into Hyde, and as the play advanced the change was unexpected and toward the end the change between them was each second or two as they addressed each other before changing. He changes all through the play on account of the mixtures impact and he changes without his assent, as Hyde begins to overwhelm him. There were differentiates between pace between and inside scenes. These happened when Hyde would rise up out of Jekyll or the suddenness of the following scene change. The impact this made was to make the scene progressively bursting at the seams with what the characters were feeling and what the circumstance was about. A few changes of paced were explicitly connected to characters, for example, Hydes would be noisy and energetic while Jekylls would be increasingly quiet and calm. The adjustments in pace added to the pressure. The set was comprised of one story, which was changed into a bar, a road scene and for the most part Jekylls research center. At that point there were two stairways prompting another floor, similar to an overhang. Both of the floors were utilized for various pieces of the play. When Hyde murdered a man on the highest floor he would drop down onto the following one. There was various exists. The set was for the most part dim hues yet between the scenes the mind-set of the set could change. The hues were made lighter for the scene in the bar however darker for Jekyll changing into Hyde. The lightning added with the impact of the various airs of the scenes. The impacts utilized when Jekyll and Hyde were changing straight after each other were the lightning would whirl and for Jekyll a quiet, decent blue shading though Hyde had a crimson shading. It indicated the difference between the two characters. When Hyde first came and was in Jekylls room, the lightning utilized was Hyde hitting a table and the flame on it light up and the lightning was increasingly sensational and the music was surged. When something sensational happened the lighting would add to this by splendid hues and its speed. The lights had designs on them, which appeared, just as the hues, what the activity state of mind was. At the point when it was more settled, for example, Jekyll it would be milder. The music utilized were fit to the piece of the play it went with, for example, when Hyde was on an executing binge the music was quick and sensational. The inverse to when Jekyll was with Lisa or Lucy. Clearly as this play was a melodic the words expressed would be a tune about how that character was feeling or what was going on in that occasion of the play. The sound and music created a climate as it communicated plainly people groups feelings with respect to what was occurring. Perhaps the best second was when Lucy and Lisa sang together. The two of them had affections for Jekyll and consolidated them into one melody with one another. The outfits of the characters were fit to them. Jekyll was shrewd and composed looking though Hyde was scruffy and undermining. Lucys was fit to her yet when she met Jekyll she changed a piece as she had affections for him. When Hyde continued changing all the more much of the time it influenced Jekylls appearance, as Jekyll appeared to be increasingly stressed his appearance would be apprehensive. The general achievement of the play was acceptable. There were a few scenes which were superior to other people, Lucy and Lisa singing together, which lifted the play and improved it. There were portions of the play, Hyde first rising up out of Jekyll, which likewise added to the sentiment of the play. The primary characters of the play remained in character and played their parts well.

WordPress Error - Headers Already Sent Warning Problem

WordPress Error - Headers Already Sent Warning Problem Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!WordPress Error Headers Already Sent Warning ProblemUpdated On 11/12/2010Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : WordPressShort URL : http://hbb.me/Y7roax CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogYesterday I almost became tensed. Some tutorials on the net are really lame! ?? I trusted a site and applied that tutorial directly on my blog, and the result became sh*t. I highly recommend you to try tutorials on a demo blog rather than on your primary site or blog.Yesterday I came across this unique WordPress error titled Cannot modify header information headers already sent by [Without Quotes]Though, this tutorial is 99.9% perfect, I recommend you to backup all your theme files before implementing this tutorial. Happy Blogging!Ill tell you what mistake I did and how to resolve that.. 8)Description :You get a warning message on your browser that says:Warning: Cannot modify header informat ion headers already sent by (output started atExample : Warning: Cannot modify header information â€" headers already sent by (output started at //home/htdocs/wordpress/wp-config.php:1) in /home/htdocs/wordpress/wp-login.php on line 12Reason :The reason is simply simple. It is usually because there are spaces, new lines, or other garbage before an opening tag or after a closing ?> tag, most probably in wp-config.php. It may also occur in other files too, so please check the error message. Many editors are adding additional blanks (spaces) and empty lines at the end of a file when you edit it.READUsing phpMyAdmin To Backup WordPress DatabaseSolution : The best solution I would say is to replace the corrupted file with the file you have in your backup. You can also try the following alternative steps!#1 Download the file mentioned in the error message.#2 Now open that file using a really good Text Editor. It should be a plain text editor. I highly recommend Notepad++ or TextWrang ler.P.S. Dont risk. Avoid Notepad, WordPad and even MS Word.#3 Now check that the very first characters are and the very last characters are ?> Most Important!You should save your file either as ANSI/ISO-8859 or as Unicode without BOM. Dont ever save in normal format.Have you ever faced this problem? Do you any other solution for solving this?

Cystic Fibrosis A Common Fatal Recessive Genetic Disease

What is Cystic Fibrosis? Dr. Polit describes Cystic Fibrosis, also referred to as CF, the most common fatal recessive genetic disease among white people. It is a hereditary disorder, also known as mucoviscidosis, which disturbs the lungs, as well as the digestive system, by blockage due to the creation of abnormally thick mucus. According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, â€Å"This abnormal mucus can clog the airways, leading to severe problems with breathing and bacterial infections in the lungs. These infections cause chronic coughing, wheezing, and inflammation†. Due to the buildup and infections, scar tissue forms as well as lung cysts causing permanent lung damage. It is also very common for those with cystic fibrosis to suffer from digestive problems because of the blockages caused by thick, sticky mucus in the body. In the United States there are close to thirty - thousand people and seventy thousand people worldwide living with Cystic Fibrosis today, with the majority of them being over the age of eighteen. CF has over eighteen-thousand mutations, but most of the tests can’t always pick up on them, only the more common mutations of CF. By the age of two, over seventy-five percent of kids containing CF are diagnosed, making over one-thousand new cases of Cystic Fibrosis diagnosed every year. Cystic Fibrosis is caused when both the parents of the child have the CF genes which is why it is a recessive genetic disorder. Thus making it something that isn’tShow MoreRelatedCauses And Treatment Of Cystic Fibrosis1549 Words   |  7 Pagescarrier of Cystic Fibrosis and had a brother who had the disease. Carlos would like Mollie to get test for Cystic Fibrosis before having a child. Mollie is unsure about being tested but agreed to think about it. 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The disease is a recessive disease meaning that it requires 2 abnormal genes to be expressed; only one gene would mean that the person is a carrier of the disease. This is because the normalRead MoreThe Common And Fatal Genetic Disease3665 Words   |  15 PagesCystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common and fatal genetic disease currently in the United States, affecting roughly 30,000 Americans each year (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2013). CF is an autosomal inherited disease that adversely affects the mucus and it’s production throughout the entire body. Mucus is normally a slippery substance that lubricates and protects vital organs and body systems including the lining of airways, reproductive system and digestive systems. Patients who areRead MoreEssay on Cystic Fibrosis and Gene Therapy2215 Words   |  9 PagesCystic Fibrosis and Gene Therapy The average life span of a person with Cystic Fibrosis is 25-30 years of age. 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Because the altered gene is in every cell in your body, including your stem cells, it is practically impossibleRead MoreNotes On Cystic Fibrosis ( Cf )1869 Words   |  8 PagesManuel Alberto Tello Garibay Biology 181 Tuesday/Thursday Cystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a disorder that is passed down from parent to child, which primarily occurs in the Secretory gland, this is the part of the human body that produces mucus. This by all mean does not indicate that the parents are affected, but instead states that they are carriers of this disorder. This is the reason why CF is said to be a recessive trait as oppose to a dominant trait. The main affected areasRead MoreCystic Fibrosis Essay2332 Words   |  10 Pagesdownward spiral. Disease is something that has affected human civilization since the dawn of time. It can either be chronic or acute, but in either case it has the potential to bring havoc to the human body systems that can lead to devastating consequences. Generally there are two main types of diseases, ones caused by invading pathogens and those which are hereditary. One hereditary disease that can be particularly tragic is cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a particularly fatal disease, it affectsRead More Human Gene Therapy Essay1917 Words   |  8 PagesHuman Gene Therapy Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was discovered in 1944 by Avery and colleagues. Avery identified DNA as the primary genetic material. Watson and Crick later discovered the double helix structure of DNA. Leder and co-workers deciphered the triple nucleotide code that designated the amino acids from which proteins were built. The science of molecular biology was born (Sokol, Gewirtz, 1996). In 1990 a four year old girl who was suffering from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Cognitive Development During Early Childhood Development

Cognitive Development Children of involved fathers are also more likely to live in cognitively encouraging homes. Cognitive Development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology, focusing on a children’s development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of brain development and cognitive psychology compared to an adult’s point of view(Schacter, Daniel L, 2009). Even a child’s cognitive development during early childhood, which includes building skills such as pre-reading, language, vocabulary, and numeracy. So cognitive development is important to grow those skills (Rohner, R. P., Veneziano, R. A., 2001). This development is a strong connection between the development children undergoes early in their life and the success that the children will experience later in life. Infants of highly involved fathers, as measured by amount of integration, including higher levels of play and Caregiving activities. By one year they continue to have higher cognitive functioning are better problem solvers as toddlers and have higher IQ’s by age three (Yogman Kidlan, Earls, 1995). The father is more encouraged toddlers to talk more, use more diverse vocabulary, and produce longer utterances when interacting with their fathers, because toddlers are characterized by more wh-(e.g. â€Å"what†, â€Å"where† etc.) questions for father than mother (Rowe, Cocker Pan ,2004). A father’s academic support was positivelyShow MoreRelatedChildhood Development Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood begins a new era of development, one that is filled with exploration and a new understanding of the world. Children are finally beginning to understand aspects of their environment that they were unable to comprehend during infancy. While development during childhood occurs less rapidly than that which is experienced during infancy, there are still many major changes that children go t hrough during this time. 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Assessment Of The Kindergarten Classroom An Empirical...

Assessment in the Kindergarten Classroom For many years, educators have been challenged in their efforts to assess kindergarten children using a variety of strategies. Tests and other types of assessments designed for kindergarten children are not the same as those intended for children in later grades in elementary school. Today, kindergarten teachers face the challenge of balancing traditional developmental programming with the academically oriented curriculum that is currently required. The essence of this challenge is to use assessments to measure and communicate student learning in relation to their curricular stance. The first article that I examined to investigate the issue was â€Å"Assessment in the Kindergarten Classroom: An†¦show more content†¦At the kindergarten level, this movement has been met with significant debate as teachers negotiate the balance between traditional developmental programming and the current academically-driven curriculum. Central to this debate is teachers’ uses of assessments to measure and communicate student learning in relation to these curricular orientations. In practice, in every school kindergarten, teachers face the challenge of finding assessment strategies that serve multiple purposes across curriculum orientations. Compounding this challenge is a dearth of empirical research into classroom-based, kindergarten assessment. The three research questions guiding the investigation in the first article were: (a) How do teachers describe and demonstrate their curricular stance in relation to developmental and academic orientations to kindergarten education? (b) What assessment strategies do kindergarten teachers integrate into their kindergarten programs? and (c) How do teachers’ approaches to assessment align with their curricular stances? Through interviews and classroom observations, the findings of the study contributed to the development of profiles delineating approaches to kindergarten assessment. As we all know, contemporary kindergarten is loaded with standardized expectations that emphasize the mastery of academic skills. These expectations have a

Platinum Box free essay sample

Platinum Box is a Canadian company that when started in 1985 specialized in graphic design. In1992 with sales of $5,000,000 and 20 employees the decision was made to have Platinum expand it’s operation to include fold down boxes. By 2005 Platinum’s sales had expanded to $20,000,000 with 75 employees. Jim Hicza, the President of Platinum has announced that the company will be expanding into the United States. This is expected to double Platinums sales in just 3 years. In order to expand it has been decided Platinum will be required to purchase 5 more presses. Jared John Hicza, Procurement Manager for Platinum Box has been asked to source a supplier for the presses. Their findings have come up with three potential press suppliers that would meet their needs. Jared will have to provide information to make a recommendation on if Platinum should purchase the new Press’s required from their current supplier (JabaKing, in which they have done business and developed relationships with for over a decade, or to source out another supplier. Jared findings will recommend they continue their partnership with their current supplier, JabaKing. Jared has based his recommendations on an analysis of each supplier including: †¢Environmental and Root Cause Analysis †¢Alternatives and Options (Including Total Cost of Ownership Analysis †¢Implementation †¢Monitor and control Issue Provide a recommendation of which supplier to proceed with purchasing five new presses with and what financing method to use in purchase in order to succeed in Platinums expansion into the United States. Analysis Strategic reasoning and capacity: †¢Platinum plans on expanding into the US market †¢Plans on being a full capacity within 2 years †¢Projects sales to double within the next 3 years †¢Current capacity allows for 280,000,000 boxes per year (250days x 16hrs/day=4000 hrs/year. 4000hrs x 7000 sheets/hr = 28,000,000 sheets x 2 boxes/sheet = 56,000,000 x 5 presses = 280,000,000) †¢Requirements to accomplish the above include purchase or five new presses(280,000,000 x 2= 560,000,000) Market †¢Current supplier is supportive of unionizing all print shops locally †¢There have been struggles to get support from other local suppliers given their strong relationships with other printing companies †¢Variety of suppliers outside of Canada is available Considerations for comparison: †¢Quality †¢Performance/Operating Costs †¢Environmental issues †¢Labor Issues †¢Warranty/Lifespan †¢Word of mouth vs. experience †¢Location †¢Design †¢Downtime and maintenance cost implications Each will be rated, poor, good, better, best Quality Merakuri-High quality, 150cm stock capability-Best JabaKing-Good quality, 125cm stock capability-Good Pnutype-High quality, 125cm stock capability-Better Performance/Operating Costs Merakuri- Performance:10,000 sheets/hr output. Capacity: .05/sheet x 10,000 sheets/yr x 16hrs/day x 250 days/yr = $2,000,000/yr-Good JabaKing-Performance :7,000 sheets/hr output Capacity: . 07/sheet x 7,000 sheets/yr x 16hrs/day x 250 days/yr = $1,960,000/yr-Good Pnutype-Performance: 7,500 sheets/hr output. Capacity: . 04/sheet x 7,500 sheets/yr x 16hrs/day x 250 days/yr = $1,200,000/yr-Best Environmental Issues Merakuri-No information provided on this company at this time- Good JabaKing- no information provided on this company at this time- Good Pnutype-Technology being used is known for being environmentally sound-Best Labour Issues Merakuri-Unknown. Could follow different labour rules based from being located in South Korea- Good JabaKing-Is unionized providing insight that employee’s treatment will be monitored. However Unions can strike causing delays in services and higher costs related to being unionized-Better Pnutype-Non-Unionized, however would have to adhere to labour laws being located within the US-Better Warranty/Lifespan Merakuri-Next day service on major issues from distributor, Full warranty on parts for 3 yrs. Few presses make it past 12 years-Poor JabaKing-3 year warranty on parts and labour to install parts. JabaKings presses outlive their given lifespans. -Better Pnutype-Warranty on equipement for 5 years for parts and labour to install parts. Lifespan is unknown as the press technology is relatively new. Suggested lifespan is 10 years-Best Word of Mouth Vs. Experience Merakuri-Word of mouth says Merakuri has the highest quality. They have offered a trip to their facility in South Korea for demonstration. Few presses make it past their 12yr life expectancy-Good JabaKing-Relationship with this supplier have shown their quality is good, not great, however experience has shown their presses live past their life expectancy-Better Pnutype-Word of mouth suggests systems run strong, too early to tell if presses live long-Good Location Merakuri-Location Korea, support and leadtime may be effected due to being located overseas. They do have a distribution in Regina for support-Good JabaKing-is within close proximity this is favorable for JabaKing-Best Pnutype-There is no local support from Pnutype, location is in the US-Poor Design Merakuri-There should be no design issue in this case and Merakuri is well established within the industry- Better JabaKing-With Platinums experience there have been no outstanding issues with the design technology-Best Pnutype-The design on this press is relatively new and could become dependent on this new technology-Good Downtime Merakuri-3days per year of downtime on average 3days x 16hrs/day x 75 staff x $25/hr wage= $90,000/yr x 10years = $900,000 Maintenance $35,000/year x 10 years = $350,000 Total cost implications = $1,250,000 over 10 years-Better JabaKing-4 days per year of downtime on average 4days x 16hrs/day x 75 staff x $25/hr wage = $120,000/yr x 10 years = $1,200,000 Maintenance $20,000/year x 10 years = $200,000 Total cost implications = $1,400,000 over 10 years-Good Pnutype—No current data over the last 2 years on any downtime, no maintenance budget numbers to be found due to no downtime on presses Total cost implications = 0 base on this only assumptions can be made to be fair An average of total cost implications was taken and split in a third for Pnutype $1,250,000+$1,400,000= $2,650,000/3=$883,333 over 10 years-Best Poor 0 pointsGood 1pointBetter 2 pointsBest 3 PointsTotal Merakuri152112 JabaKing043216 Pnutype122418 Total Cost of Ownership Analysis (Appendices A, B, C) A total cost of ownership analysis shows Pnutype has a much lower TCO but this is slightly skewed based on little information on the maintenance and downtime data. Pnutype has only been producing these presses for 2 years, the 2 years have shown no costs for these. The costs can come back to be much higher, it might be wise to pre-negotiate a maintenance program with Pnutype if they are the supplier chosen. Alternative/Options Option #1-Select Merakuri or Pnutype as new suppliers Pros: †¢Quality is higher than JabaKing †¢Good Warranty †¢Lower Costs for Pnutype †¢Non-Unionized-no risk of strike †¢Higher quality output Cons: †¢Location may cause issue for lead times and support †¢Unknown if Pnutype can deliver and support product †¢Unknown life expectancy for Pnutype †¢Pnutype TCO does not show potential full cost †¢No relationship with Merakuri or Pnutype Option #2 Purchase from Jabaking Pros: †¢Strong relationship †¢Known quality †¢Warranty is strong †¢Known Design †¢Second highest Good, Better, Best analysis score †¢Second lowest TCO analysis †¢No need for plant visit- capacity and quality already proven †¢Supporting local companies Cons: †¢Unionized, can go on strike and increase the costs †¢Repair costs are higher †¢No financing options Recommendations Based on the analysis I recommend Option #2 Remain with JabaKing Although they scored lower in the overall analysis score and had a higher TCO, the TCO was based off of Pnutype not having full data on their maintenance and Downtime information. JabaKing is based on all information. This will also allow for Platinum to show their loyalty and foster an even stronger relationship. Implementation and Monitoring Who: P-Procurement, B-Board, When: I-Immediate, S-Short Run, M-Medium Run, L-Long term RecommendationActivityWho PrimaryWho SupportWhen 1Present findings to boardP I 2Select JabaKing as supplierBS 3Secure Financing with Labor Union BankBP-Provide any information and analysis neededS-M 4Negotiate terms with JabaKing including possible discount on future Press requirementsPB-will need approvalS-M 5On-going follow-up with supplierPB-any feedback to improvement or changes neededI-L For the success of the implementation and monitoring of this analysis it is imperative the five presses be delivered and in working order within the next 6 months. Conclusion The tight timeframe in which Platinum has to get the new presses up and running, the best decision is to work with the current supplier, knowing the support they provide and the quality of their presses as well as the maintenance. This is the lowest risk option.

The Lost bus. Travels with Charley Review Essay Example

The Lost bus. Travels with Charley Review Paper Essay on The Lost bus. Travels with Charley I easily plunged into a journey across the United States of America from a rather restless novel The Winter of our discontent of the author. Without thinking, I dived into the pick-up Rocinante: the driver immediately said that was the name of Don Quixotes horse. I nodded, as if it remembered. So delicious smell of coffee, and good eye-brows with houses scattered Charlie last awkwardness of dating. I sat back, slightly surpassing Charlie, then his muzzle was in my lap. On large and it is not necessary to dream the road, the road again To complete the feeling and understanding I equip yourself with the small tourist map, on which each state assigned a certain color, which is very convenient!. I just had to find the city, the route points but listen to entertaining storyteller author makes it exciting. Each state in the American people has its home name -. Imperial, Garden, Granite, etc. I am with all my heart attached to Charlie with him concerned for our driver, and for us a little Do what ?! And he never ceased to share his thoughts with us which overwhelmed everyone in the long road. Along the way we met home-mobiles, in my opinion, an amazing invention: Start roots in one place, and if you let down the work, then moved on, without any trouble, to seek a better life We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost bus. Travels with Charley Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost bus. Travels with Charley Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost bus. Travels with Charley Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I can say with certainty. that after this trip America is somehow kept within me. Now I know why I was mistaken on account of the location of Niagara Falls; where in Texas took the cowboys: they have lived there ever since a former Mexican territory brave Texans pulled her freedom and preserve their independence, because they can get out of the US at any time. Visit the home of the author, in California, I also felt sad that around strangers, foreigners :), and the same were only giant trees with the magic name of Sequoia. So, we all decided that we should not walk around the streets of the past, hoping to find there what you once left. It is in you and at any moment, if you wish, you can even remember the smell Author suggested in this regard refer to T. Wolfe and his book, Home of no return, I promised to read:) leave sad. I learned to wash the road! You take a bucket, attach it to the bar, pour water, fill the powder, you put the laundry, and going the process of swinging is doing its job, is to rinse the laundry in the river and dry on a halt. Â «What could be better than a good man But along the way met different people, there were also those who look where you slot, where it is necessary to let go of the coin. In Steinbecks love for his people is bordered by the criticism, but then he says: When there were something like that, it should criticize and condemn, similar shortcomings were found and I have. Heres a wise companion is waiting for you, and with him and Charlie, who is always ready to support a delicate conversation using the FTT, intelligent eyes and tail. Going on the road, you will not regret!

Cundo no aplica castigo 3 y 10 aos por estar ilegal

Cundo no aplica castigo 3 y 10 aos por estar ilegal Las leyes migratorias de los Estados Unidos castigan con la prohibicià ³n de obtener una visa por 3 y 10 aà ±os a las personas que han estado ilegalmente en el paà ­s. Pero hay excepciones importantes a esta regla. Esto quiere decir que a las personas que no les aplica este castigo podrà ­an solicitar tanto una visa no inmigrante , como la de turista o estudiante, como obtener la aprobacià ³n de una visa inmigrante siempre y cuando no existan otras causas por las que se pueda denegar. En este artà ­culo se explica a quià ©nes no aplica el castigo de los 3 y 10 aà ±os por estar ilegal, en quà © casos no importa la estancia ilegal para obtener un beneficio migratorio, cà ³mo se computa el tiempo como ilegal ya que no siempre es claro y, finalmente, quà © hacer si se est fuera de Estados Unidos y se quiere sacar una visa y hay el problema de este castigo.  ¿A quià ©nes no aplica este castigo? El castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aà ±os no aplica a las personas que: Aunque estuvieron ms de 180 dà ­as ilegalmente en los Estados Unidos, ese periodo no de un modo continuo. Es decir, a aquellos que estuvieron un mes de una vez, dos meses de otra, etc. Pero nunca llegaron a pasar seis meses seguidos como ilegales.   (Sin embargo, hay que tener mucho ojo con este punto, ya que las estancias ilegales asà ­ sean discontinuas por un periodo superior a un aà ±o sà ­ que se computan para el castigo de prohibicià ³n permanente para ingresar a Estados Unidos).Se quedaron ilegalmente ms de 6 meses seguidos, pero fue con anterioridad al 1 de abril de 1997. Esa es la fecha en la que entrà ³ en vigor la ley del castigo de los tres y diez aà ±os y no afecta a situaciones anteriores.Son menores de 18 aà ±os. No se computa el tiempo que pasaron como ilegales antes de cumplir la mayorà ­a de edad. Adems, en el caso de los Dreamers con  la accià ³n diferida  aprobada no computan tiempo de presencia ilegal en los Estados Unidos mientras estn protegidos por DACA. Y asà ­ pueden viajar a otro paà ­s y regresar si cumplen una serie de requisitos para obtener un advance parole o permiso para viajar. Se encuentran dentro de Estados Unidos. Este castigo sà ³lo aplica a los que estn fuera del paà ­s. Algunos indocumentados podrn legalizar su situacià ³n sin salir de los Estados Unidos mediante un ajuste de estatus. Pero otros tendrà ­an que necesariamente salir para ir a una entrevista al consulado. Y ahà ­ habrà ­a el problema del castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aà ±os.Pueden beneficiarse de lo que se conoce como Seccià ³n 245(i), para casos muy antiguos. Situaciones especiales en los que no importa el tiempo como  ilegal En casos especiales, la presencia ilegal en Estados Unidos no es considerada causa de inadmisibilidad y, por lo tanto, ser posible ajustar el estatus o sacar una visa de inmigrante, siempre y cuando se reà ºnan todos los dems requisitos. Estos son los casos: Se solicita una visa T por trfico humanoSe solicita  de un TPS o Estatus de Proteccià ³n TemporalSolicitante de una  visa U por casos de và ­ctimas de violencia Và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica segà ºn la ley VAWA. Cà ³mputo de los dà ­as en los que se ha estado ilegalmente en Estados Unidos En la mayorà ­a de los casos es muy fcil saberlo. Si se ingresà ³ ilegalmente, desde ese dà ­a. Y si se ingresà ³ con una visa cuando finalizà ³ la fecha prevista en el documento que se conoce como I-94 registro de entrada y salida o la fecha de estatus (D/S, en inglà ©s).   Adems, en el caso de los que ingresaron como turistas o por negocios sin visa por ser de un paà ­s del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados, como Espaà ±a o Chile, todo lo que exceda de 90 dà ­as es considerado como ilegal. Pero en ocasiones el cà ³mputo de lo que es presencia ilegal no es tan sencillo. En las siguientes situaciones se recomienda consultar con un abogado para intentar esclarecer realmente cul es la situacià ³n: Se ha esperado por una respuesta del USCIS a una aplicacià ³n despuà ©s de la fecha mxima de estancia permitidaEspera durante caso de deportacià ³n ante un juez. Quà © se puede hacer si realmente se ha estado ilegal por ms de 6 meses y se quiere sacar una visa Existen posibilidades de solicitar un perdà ³n, que va a depender de si se quiere una visa no inmigrante o se tiene una aplicacià ³n de visa de inmigrante y à ©sta ha sido negada por presencia ilegal previa. Es importante conocer los mecanismos, quà © es posible y cà ³mo. Tambià ©n es fundamental informase sobre la condena ms dura que aplica para los casos de las personas que regresan ilegalmente a los Estados Unidos por aplicacià ³n de la prohibicià ³n​ permanente. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Public policy discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public policy discussion - Assignment Example These environmental discussions are still held every year in chosen countries around the world. Part 1 The states have become an alternative avenue in the formulation of the environmental policy in two main ways. One is that the states are faced with varied environmental challenges. The states become an avenue through which the federal government collects data from the citizens of those states. The states are represented in the congress and therefore the issues they raise are heard by the federal government. The federal government uses this information from all the states to formulate a national environmental policy. In the same the federal uses the states to collect information, it is the same channel that the federal government in conjunction with the states governments implement the environmental policy (HarperCollins 56). This is the other function of the states in environmental matters. In addition to this, when the policy is being implemented, its effectiveness should be evalua ted in order to determine whether the desired results are being achieved. This determined through the officials deployed by the government in the states using various programmes. After the Clean Air Act of 1963, changes were made to the Water Pollu ­tion Control Act of 1948 (Robert. This is when Washington started pressing the states to set pollution standards and to come up with implementation frameworks which were based on the federal government's guidelines. Another perfect example is when the Congress gave way to the policy innovation at the end of 1969 when it passed the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The act provided that it is the role of the Federal Government, in together with State and local governments, and other interested public and private institutions, to put in place achievable means and measures, not forgetting financial and technical support, in a way aimed to maintain and promote the general wellbeing, to develop and promote situations whereby human b eing and the environment could exist in beneficial harmony, and at the same time achieve the economic, and other needs of current and future off springs of Americans. Clinton is praised for his environmental appointments and for his strong government sup ­port for programmes like the restoration of the Florida Everglades and other decision based on new innovations and approaches to ecosystem management. Clinton reversed major decisions of the Reagan- and Bush-era that were highly criti ­cized by environmentalists (Hanna 53). He also increased government expenditure and spending on environ ­mental initiatives, initiatives towards green energy and conservation research, and international populace policies (MarianR 67). Government definitely is a major player in the environmental affairs, and the federal government will go on having unique roles, as will the fifty states and the 80,000 local governments across the United States. The involvement of states in environmental regulati ons crafted by the federal government varies from one state to another based on the environmental challenges they might be facing. In the past two decades, the states are coming up with their own environmental policies which are of course in line with the federal gover

Middle Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Middle Class - Essay Example In the British Social Attitudes review of 1996, two-thirds, of respondents decided "there is single law for the rich and single for the poor" while 87% alleged that " the space between those with and lofty earnings is excessively great". However many scholars have disputed that, in its sternest wisdom, class in Britain is at the present dead and some have yet disputed that it is dead in any hypothetical sagacity. But I will disagree that no matter class no further lives in Britain but there is a sturdy practical function to play of class in Britain. Haralambos, M., et al (2000, Pg 34-35) proposes that any evaluation of "the demise of class" has got to start with the explanations of class itself, and of what people are accurately signifying when they declare it is "dead". Conventionally, class examination has been tear into strong and weak structures." Strong" class study, connected originally with Marx, assumes a holistic advancement: class is or was an untailored feature in chronological modification and the on the whole organization of the public. Karl Marx (1818-1883) a German, but worked in London from 1849 onwards wrote on class in the 1840s and all the way through to the 1860s and 1870s. In his vision, a class is distinct as an assembly, " in itself" and "for itself", as a socio-economic group with a communal uniqueness and a common biased accomplishment. "Weak" class theories, on the other hand, mainly prejudiced by the effort of Weber, are predominantly positional, spotlighting on empirically recognizing groups with ass ured other individualities in general. Max Weber (1864-1920) again a German wrote on class from 1910-1920. He tends to spotlight not just on possession of assets but also manage, and on individuals market capability - their profitable skills in the labor market. Weber says class is connected to dissimilarities that have their foundation in the workings of entrepreneurship and the market place. For Weber an individual's class is associated openly to his/her "market condition". It is imperative to divide two correlated but dissimilar points enclosed within "the death of a class" dispute. One advises that Modern Britain is classless - in additional words any known person's ability of accomplishment in society is no longer strong-minded by their societal class, as cleared by either of the observation above. The other spot suggests that class is no longer helpful as an investigative notion. Both of these visions hold grave faults. Myths of Classlessness Before I begin the historical account, a

Typhoid Fever Signs, Symptoms and Treatments

Typhoid Fever Signs, Symptoms and Treatments Name of disease: Typhoid Fever 1. Aetiology: Typhoid fever, otherwise known as enteric fever, is a potentially fatal multisystemic illness caused primarily by Salmonella typhi. S typhi has been a major human pathogen for thousands of years, thriving in conditions of poor sanitation, crowding, and social chaos. It might have been responsible for the Great Plague of Athens at the end of the Peloponnesian War. The name S typhi is derived from the ancient Greek typhos, an ethereal smoke or cloud that was believed to cause disease and madness. In the advanced stages of typhoid fever, the patients level of consciousness is truly clouded. Although antibiotics have markedly reduced the frequency of typhoid fever in the developed world, it remains endemic in developing countries. This large genus of gram-negative bacilli within the family Enterobacteriaceae consists of two species: S. enterica, which contains six subspecies, and S. bongori. S. enterica subspecies I includes almost all the serotypes pathogenic for humans. According to the current Salmonella nomenclature system, the full taxonomic designation S. enterica subspecies enterica serotype typhimurium can be shortened to Salmonella serotype typhimurium or simply S. typhimurium. Salmonellae are gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively-anaerobic bacilli that measure 2–3 by 0.4–0.6 Â µm. The initial identification of salmonellae in the clinical microbiology laboratory was based on growth characteristics. Salmonellae produce acid on glucose fermentation, reduce nitrates, and do not produce cytochrome oxidase. In addition, all salmonellae except S. gallinarum-pullorum are motile by means of peritrichous flagella, and all but S. typhi produce gas (H2S) on sugar fermentation. Notably, only 1% of clinical isolates ferment lactose, and a high level of suspicion must be maintained to detect these rare clinical lactose-fermenters. 2. Incidence: Typhoid fever occurs worldwide, primarily in developing nations whose sanitary conditions are poor. Typhoid fever is endemic in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Oceania, but 80% of cases come from Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, or Vietnam. Within those countries, typhoid fever is most common in underdeveloped areas. Typhoid fever infects roughly 21.6 million people (incidence of 3.6 per 1,000 population) and kills an estimated 200,000 people every year. In the United States and other developed nations, most cases of typhoid fever arise in international travelers. 3. Pathogenesis : All Salmonella infections begin with ingestion of organisms, most commonly in contaminated food or water. The infectious dose is 103–106 colony-forming units. Conditions that decrease either stomach acidity or intestinal integrity increase susceptibility to Salmonella infection. Once S. typhi and S. paratyphi reach the small intestine, they penetrate the mucus layer of the gut and traverse the intestinal layer through phagocytic microfold (M) cells that reside within Peyer patches. After crossing the epithelial layer of the small intestine, S. typhi and S. paratyphi, which cause enteric (typhoid) fever, are phagocytosed by macrophages. These salmonellae survive the antimicrobial environment of the macrophage by sensing environmental signals that trigger alterations in regulatory systems of the phagocytosed bacteria. In addition, salmonellae encode a second type III secretion system that directly delivers bacterial proteins across the phagosome membrane into the macrophage cytoplasm. This secretion system functions to remodel the Salmonella-containing vacuole, promoting bacterial survival and replication. Once phagocytosed, typhoidal salmonellae disseminate throughout the body in macrophages via the lymphatics, and colonize reticuloendothelial tissues (liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow). Patients have relatively few or no signs and symptoms during this initial incubation stage. Signs and symptoms, including fever and abdominal pain, probably result from secretion of cytokines by macrophages and epithelial cells in response to bacterial products that are recognized by innate immune receptors when a critical number of organisms have replicated. Over time, the development of hepatosplenomegaly is likely to be related to the recruitment of mononuclear cells and the development of a specific acquired cell-mediated immune response to S. typhi colonization. The recruitment of additional mononuclear cells and lymphocytes to Peyer patches during the several weeks after initial colonization/infection can result in marked enlargement and necrosis of the Peyer patches, which may be medi ated by bacterial products that promote cell death as well as the inflammatory response. 4. Clinical features : Typhoid fever begins 7-14 days after ingestion ofS typhi.The fever pattern is stepwise, characterized by a rising temperature over the course of each day that drops by the subsequent morning. The peaks and troughs rise progressively over time. Over the course of the first week of illness, the gastrointestinal manifestations of the disease develop. These include diffuse abdominal pain and tenderness and, in some cases, fierce colicky right upper quadrant pain and also constipation. The individual then develops a dry cough, dull frontal headache, delirium, and an increasingly stuporous malaise. At approximately the end of the first week of illness, the fever plateaus at 39-40Â °C. The patient develops rose spots, which are salmon-colored, blanching, truncal, maculopapules usually 1-4 cm wide and fewer than 5 in number; these generally resolve within 2-5 days. During the second week of illness, the signs and symptoms listed above progress. The abdomen becomes distended, and soft splenomegaly is common. Relative bradycardia and dicrotic pulse (double beat, the second beat weaker than the first) may develop. In the third week, the still febrile individual grows more toxic and anorexic with significant weight loss. The conjunctivae are infected, and the patient is tachypneic with a thready pulse and crackles over the lung bases. Abdominal distension is severe. Some patients experience foul, green-yellow, liquid diarrhea (pea soup diarrhea). The individual may descend into the typhoid state, which is characterized by apathy, confusion, and even psychosis. Necrotic Peyer patches may cause bowel perforation and peritonitis. This complication is often unheralded and may be masked by corticosteroids. At this point, overwhelming toxemia,myocarditis[C1], or intestinal hemorrhage may cause death. If the individual survives to the fourth week, the fever, mental state, and abdominal distension slowly improve over a few days. Intestinal and neurologic complications may still occur in surviving untreated individuals. Weight loss and debilitating weakness last months. Some survivors become asymptomaticS typhicarriers and have the potential to transmit the bacteria indefinitely. However, there are some atypical presentations of classical typhoid fever and the clinical course of a given individual with typhoid fever may deviate from the above description of classic disease. The timing of the symptoms and host response may vary based on geographic region, race factors, and the infecting bacterial strain. The stepladder fever pattern that was once the hallmark of typhoid fever now occurs in as few as 12% of cases. In most contemporary presentations of typhoid fever, the fever has a steady insidious onset[C2]. Young children, individuals with AIDS, and one third of immunocompetent adults who develop typhoid fever develop diarrhea rather than constipation[C3]. In addition, in some localities, typhoid fever is generally more apt to cause diarrhea than constipation. Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever include isolated severe headaches that may mimic meningitis, acute lobar pneumonia, isolated arthralgias, urinary symptoms, severe jaundice, or fever alone. 5. Complications: These include the following: Gastrointestinal bleeding (10–20%of patients), intestinal perforation (1–3% of patients).Others are neurologic manifestations which occur in 2–40% of patients, including: meningitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, neuritis, and neuropsychiatric symptoms usually described as muttering delirium or coma vigil, with picking at bedclothes or imaginary objects. Rare complications include: Disseminated intravascular coagulation, haematophagocytic syndrome, pancreatitis, hepatic and splenic abscesses and granulomas, endocarditis, pericarditis, myocarditis, orchitis, hepatitis, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome, severe pneumonia, arthritis, osteomyelitis, and parotitis. Fewer than 10% of patients develop mild relapse, usually within 2–3 weeks of fever resolution and in association with the same strain type and susceptibility profile.About 10% of untreated patients with typhoid fever excrete S. typhi in their feces for up to 3 months, and 1–4% develop chronic asymptomatic carriage, shedding S. typhi in either urine or stool for greater than one year. Chronic carriage is more common among women, infants, and persons who have biliary abnormalities or concurrent bladder infection with Schistosoma haematobium. 6. Examination and tests: The diagnosis of typhoid fever (enteric fever) is primarily clinical. However there are series of tests which could confirm the diagnosis . These tests are : Cultures: Blood, bone marrow, stool and urine specimens. Blood Cultures are widely considered 100% specific while culture of bone marrow aspirate is 90% sensitive until at least 5 days after commencement of antibiotics. The technique is extremely painful, which may outweigh its benefit. Blood, intestinal secretions (vomitus or duodenal aspirate), and stool culture results are positive for S typhi in approximately 85%-90% of patients with typhoid fever who present within the first week of onset. They decline to 20%-30% later in the disease course. In particular, stool culture may be positive for S typhi several days after ingestion of the bacteria secondary to inflammation of the intraluminal dendritic cells. Bone marrow aspiration and blood are cultured in a selective medium (eg, 10% aqueous oxgall) or a nutritious medium (eg, tryptic soy broth) and are incubated at 37Â °C for at least 7 days. Subcultures are made daily to one selective medium (eg, MacConkey agar) and one inhibitory medium (eg, Salmonella-Shigella agar). Identification of the organism with these conventional culture techniques usually takes 48-72 hours from acquisition. Molecular Method: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever with varying success. Nested PCR, which involves two rounds of PCR using two primers with different sequences within the H1-d flagellin gene of S typhi, offers the best sensitivity and specificity. Combining assays of blood and urine, this technique has achieved a sensitivity of 82.7% and reported specificity of 100%. Serologic tests : These are assays that identify Salmonella antibodies or antigens, supporting the diagnosis of typhoid fever, but these results should be confirmed with cultures or DNA evidence. The Widal test was the mainstay of typhoid fever diagnosis for decades. It is used to measure agglutinating antibodies against H and O antigens of S typhi. Neither sensitive nor specific, the Widal test is no longer an acceptable clinical method. Indirect hemagglutination, indirect fluorescent Vi antibody, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to S typhi polysaccharide, as well as monoclonal antibodies against S typhi flagellin are promising, but the success rates of these assays vary greatly in the literature. Other non-specific laboratory studies Most patients with typhoid fever are moderately anemic, have an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), thrombocytopenia, and relative lymphopenia. Most also have a slightly elevated prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and decreased fibrinogen levels. Circulating fibrin degradation products commonly rise to levels seen in subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Liver transaminase and serum bilirubin values usually rise to twice the reference range. Mild hyponatremia and hypokalemia are common. A serum alanine amino transferase (ALT)–to–lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ratio of more than 9:1 appears to be helpful in distinguishing typhoid from viral hepatitis. A ratio of greater than 9:1 supports a diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis, while ratio of less than 9:1 supports typhoid hepatitis Differential diagnosis: This includes include Malaria, Hepatitis, Bacterial enteritis, dengue fever, rickettsial infections, leptospirosis, amebic liver abscesses, and acute HIV infection. 7. Risk factors: a Gastric Factors : Antacids, histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers), proton pump inhibitors, gastrostomy, and achlorhydria decrease stomach acidity and facilitate S typhi infection. b. Genetic and host factors: Genetic polymorphisms. c. Environmental and behavioural risk factors that are independently associated with typhoid fever include: 1. Eating food from street vendors, Living in the same household with someone who has new case of typhoid fever, Washing the hands inadequately, Sharing food from the same plate, Drinking unpurified water, and Living in a household that does not have a toilet 8. Treatment: The proper treatment approach to typhoid fever depends on whether the illness is complicated or uncomplicated. Complicated typhoid fever is characterized by melena (3% of all hospitalized patients with typhoid fever), serious abdominal discomfort, intestinal perforation, marked neuropsychiatric symptoms, or other severe manifestations. Depending on the adequacy of diagnosis and treatment, complicated disease may develop in up to 10% of treated patients. Medical Care: If a patient presents with unexplained symptoms suggestive of typhoid fever (enteric fever), broad-spectrum empiric antibiotics should be started immediately. Treatment should not be delayed for confirmatory tests since prompt treatment drastically reduces the risk of complications and fatalities. Antibiotic therapy should be narrowed once more information concerning the definitive diagnosis is available. Recommended antibiotic therapies are Cefixime, Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin per oral for uncomplicated cases, while Ceftriazone, Azstereonam, Cefotaxime and Imipenem could be administered intravenously for complicated cases . Patients with uncomplicated disease may be treated on an outpatient basis. They must be advised to use strict hand washing techniques and to avoid preparing food for others during the illness course. Hospitalized patients should be placed in contact isolation during the acute phase of the infection. Feces and urine must be disposed of safely. Surgical care: Surgery is usually indicated in cases of intestinal perforation. Most surgeons prefer simple closure of the perforation with drainage of the peritoneum. Small-bowel resection is indicated for patients with multiple perforations. If antibiotic treatment fails to eradicate the hepatobiliary carriage, the gallbladder should be resected. Cholecystectomy is not always successful in eradicating the carrier state because of persisting hepatic infection. 9. Home treatment of First Aid (where applicable): No home treatment for typhoid fever. 10. Prevention. This involves the following measures: Protect and chlorinatepublic water supplies. Provide safe water supplies and avoid possible back flow connections between sewers and water supplies. Dispose of human faecesin a sanitary manner and maintain fly-proof latrines. Use scrupulouscleanliness in food preparationand handling. Educate the public regarding theimportance of handwashing: this is important for food handlers and attendants involved in the care of patients and/or children. Immunization for typhoid fever is recommended for international travellers to endemic areas, especially if travel will involve exposure to unsafe food and water or close contact in rural areas and with indigenous populations 11. Local names in Nigeria: Akom in Igbo,; Zazabi chiwo nkpanyo in Hausa and iba jeefun jeefun in Yoruba.. 12. Endemic areas Typhoid fever usually occurs in developing nations whose sanitary conditions are poor. Typhoid fever is endemic in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Oceania, but 80% of cases come from Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, or Vietnam. Within those countries, typhoid fever is most common in underdeveloped areas. 13. Disease images Rose spots on the chest of a patient with typhoid fever due to the bacteriumSalmonella Lizzie van Zylwas a child inmate in a British-run concentration camp in South Africa who died from typhoid fever during theBoer War(1899–1902) References http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-overview#3 http://www.who.int/topics/typhoid_fever/en/ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001332.htm http://www.infectionlandscapes.org/2011/11/typhoid-fever.html http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/typhoid_fever/ http://textbookofbacteriology.net/salmonella.htm Anthony S. Fauci et al, Harrisons’s Principles of Internal Medicine 17th edition 2008. Gerald L. Mandell et al, Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease 7th edition,2010. [C1]Shows link from Medscape. Article shows several similarities to Medscape article. [C2]Highlight [C3]Highlight

Poor Parenting Techniques Displayed in Maurice Sendaks Where The Wild

Poor Parenting can cause poorly behaved children 'Where The Wild Things Are' was first published in 1963 and is the first part of a trilogy of award - winning books by American author and illustrator Maurice Sendak. 'Where The Wild Things Are' is haunting and imaginative and describes how a young child, called Max, creates a fictitious fantasy world in order to deal with the terrifying reality of anger. Poor parenting is a lack of parenting techniques and skills in relation to the responsibilities and obligations, which need to be fulfilled in order to accomplish prominent problems within the family relationship. Poor parenting is most likely to come from an absence of cooperation from both child and parent, satisfying both needs and wants so that they both reach common ground. Depending on the age of the child, a lack of parenting techniques and skills affects a child differently psychologically, mentally, physically, socially and emotionally. However, it is manipulated by the events happening outside the home environment, which can include a divorce or war. The role of the parent in a child's life is very influential and possible outcomes of inadequate parenting techniques and skills can result in the child becoming poorly behaved. This is represented in the children's picture book, ' Where The Wild Things Are' by Maurice Sendak. While Max battles for authority, his mother demonst rates many parenting techniques, which have led to severe consequences in relation to his poor behaviour. Bad behaviour influences a child's long-term growth as a human being and stunts their journey from child to mature adult. Children develop a sense of acceptable behaviour based on the methods employed by their parents. Negative behaviour comes as a result of the child feeling insecure, becoming aggressive, angry, antisocial, demanding, dependant, undisciplined and also developing a hateful desire to ‘get back at the world.’ These bad behavioural aspects are outcomes reached as the parent has reacted to become over-controlling with orders, reminders of poor behaviour and warnings. With the parent being the unquestioned boss, it is common for the child with an authoritarian in the household to feel irritable, and get angry and temperamental quite quickly. As a result of being given orders and constant reminders on their behaviour it is no wonder why some children experience... ... expected then, that a lack of cooperation can cause problems. If a parent does not fulfil the obligations and legal responsibilities then it would be clear that poor parenting does cause poorly behaved children. BIBLIOGRAPHY †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Australian Family Law Guide (1999), 2nd Edition, CCH, Australia. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carter, G.B. (1995) Australian Legal System, Blackstone Press, NSW. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hennessy, C. (2004) â€Å"Violence and drugs top school woes,† The Gold Coast Bulletin, 25 Mar., PG 3. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kirshenbaum, M. & Foster, C. (2001), Parent-Teen Breakthrough – The Relationship Approach, Penguin Books, Australia. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Monahan, G. (1999), Family Law, LBC Nutshell, Sydney. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Williams, B. (1997), Encyclopaedia of Questions and Answers, Kingfisher, Sydney. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (1994) â€Å"Relationships Within The Family,† Mental Help, URL: http://mentalhelp.net/psyhelp/chap9/chap91.htm 25/03/04 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (2004) â€Å"The Artistry and Influence of Maurice Sendak,† Children’s Books URL: http://childrensbooks.about.com 25/03/04

Analysis: “Hills Like White Elephants”

Ernest Hemingway revolves around a conversation between a girl and an American man. The story Is written In simple sentences and when one reads the story one does not really notice the subtleties present. Hemingway iceberg theory is relevant to this story because though the story seems to be simply about a man and a woman having a causal conversation there are undertones of more serious and pressing issues. It is set at a train station in between Barcelona and Madrid.Hemingway does this on purpose in order to highlight the fact that the relationship between the American and the girl is at crossroads. Throughout the passage there is no explicit sign of conflict however there Is a slight undercurrent of uncertainty and tension. The entire passage Is written in third person, it is objective and just states the facts of the conversation without really giving the reader any background information about the situation or the characters. This is probably been done to maintain a sense of myst ery.The title of the passage is also significant s White elephants' are symbolic of something that is unwanted and as the whole conversation between the American and woman revolves around whether to do an ‘operation' or not to get rid of something that Is supposedly an unborn baby, making the operation an abortion, this symbol is extremely important. The first paragraph of the passage is dedicated to describing the setting. It starts with a description of the hills as ‘long and white' and how there was ‘no shade on this side'.It then goes on to describe the other side across the rail tracks as a Warm shadow of the building and beaded curtain to keep the files out'. By describing the two sides the author creates two contrasting Images, one where there Is shade and another where there Is Just the hot sun. It also mentioned that the American and the girl sit In the shade. This can be said to be symbolic of conflict in the story. The shady area is the easier option, wh ich is going ahead with the abortion while the other side, which is hot, and without shade is the harder choice to keep the unborn baby.The setting is also symbolic as they are physically at a Junction point between Barcelona and Madrid however they re also mentally at a Junction as they are not sure what to do with the baby. The first line that the girl utters; What shall we drink' speaks volumes about her character and relationship with the American she Is with. It Is the start of her uncertainty, helplessness and dependence on the American. This is also conveyed when she says ‘lets drink beer' and then the American goes on to translate it into Spanish.It shows how dependent she is on the man to survive, not only linguistically in this particular setting but also otherwise. Her Indecision of whether to have a new drink with water r not, also conveys the Indecision she faces deeper Issue of whether or not to have an abortion. Also though she Is pregnant she Is consuming alcoh ol, which Is bad for her unborn child indicating that finally she might just agree with the American and go for the abortion. Her preoccupied nature ‘looking off at the line of hills' indicates that something is bothering her though what is not explicitly stated.It should be noted that though she was very eager to drink something when she arrived she is so preoccupied that she does not notice that the drinks have arrived. Also the contrast between the White hills' and the ‘brown, dry countryside portrays the purity of the girl who are at fault. Also the fact that the girl refers to the White hills' as White elephants' shows how unwanted the unborn born child is though the he or she has done nothing wrong. The man who is also the antagonist in the passage is portrayed as the more dominant character and behaves according to Hemingway rigid conception of reality.Hemingway chooses to name the two characters using different categories of pronouns; while he refers to the femal e protagonist simply as the girl†, the man is referred to as â€Å"the American† – hinting at the modernist trends in society prevalent at the time. He represents the freedom and liberation of relationships that were no longer based on romance but on convenience and a mutually acknowledged need for companionship. Throughout the passage the man seems more self-assured and confident than the girl, who looks to him for guidance in terms of mundane tasks as well as defers to his Judgment upon whether she should undergo the abortion.He also remains disconnected, though the girl and the American seem to be in a relationship there is no tangible evidence of love or real feelings, their relationship comes across as superficial and fake having a disagreement over the slightest thing such as whether he has seen White elephants' or not. Through out the passage he acts like he understands her situation and tries to persuade her by using phrases such as ‘perfectly natur al' and ‘perfectly simple' and uses insensitive epiphysis such as letting the air in† that clearly show his insensitivity, lack of understanding and comprehension of the emotional aspects of her situation.Throughout the conversation he tries to coax and convince her to undergo the operation Justifying his stance by reasoning that it would mean a resumption of their carefree travels, never realizing that that is precisely what she is weary of. He is blind to her increasingly apparent desire to settle down; while she considers the birth of her child and the commitment it would entail as a path to be considered (â€Å"Doesn't it mean anything to you? We could get along. â€Å"), the idea never crosses his mind since he cannot envisage forsaking his unattached lifestyle for any degree of responsibility, least of all to raise a child.Hemingway also uses diction and dialogue in order to enhance the readers understanding of the two main characters in the passage and the story . Throughout the girl uses words such as ‘could' and ‘l don't know whereas the man is more confident and sure of himself. He is the girl's pillar of support as she depends on him completely. However later on in the story she does change as she gains the confidence to question the American and reconsider whether or not she wants to have an abortion Thus to conclude Hemingway has used various literary devices and narrative techniques in order to rotary subtle conflicts in the passage.He has successfully used the setting and the actions of the characters to portray the conflict instead of blatantly stating them, thus making it more effective. He also uses two drastically different characters that have a loveless relationship as opposed to the usual romantic one. Also structure of the passage contributes to the effect that it has on the reader as Hemingway first starts with describing the setting and then going on to the characters themselves thus emphasizing the importance of the setting. E passage there is no explicit sign of conflict however there is a slight undercurrent of uncertainty and tension. The entire passage is written in third person, it is objective and Just states the facts of the conversation without really giving the reader ‘operation' or not to get rid of something that is supposedly an unborn baby, making a beaded curtain to keep the flies out'. By describing the two sides the author creates two contrasting images, one where there is shade and another where there is Just the hot sun, it also mentioned that the American and the girl sit in the shade.This first line that the girl utters; What shall we drink speaks volumes about her character and relationship with the American she is with. It is the start of her uncertainty, setting but also otherwise. Her indecision of whether to have a new drink with water or not, also conveys the indecision she faces deeper issue of whether or not to have an abortion. Also though she is pregna nt she is consuming alcohol, which is bad for her unborn child indicating that finally she might Just agree with the American and unborn child while the brown dry countryside is symbolic of the American and the

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